web and mobile fraud
Target UK and the rise of the 'Silver Fox'
The UK has also seen the rise in so called silver fraudsters - older, more senior employees willing to engage in criminal activity, according to one of the world’s most authoritative fraud reports.
According to the 2016 PwC Global Economics Survey, 55 per cent of UK organisations have been affected, an increase of 11 percentage points since 2014, significantly outstripping the level in countries such as the US (38 per cent) and China (28 per cent).
Globally, the economic crime rate has remained largely static at 36 per cent, according to the survey which posed questions to more than 6,000 participants in 115 countries.
PwC’s survey reveals that 60 per cent of economic crime in the UK was committed by external perpetrators (up from 56 per cent in 2014). While the number of organisations reporting economic crime carried out by employees (31 per cent) declined, there was a large increase in frauds found to be committed by senior management (which more than doubled from 7 per cent to 18 per cent).
Andrew Gordon, PwC’s global and UK forensics leader, said: “While the prevalence of traditional types of fraud, such as asset misappropriation, has fallen since 2014, there has been a huge rise in organisations reporting instances of cyber-crime.
“Technology is driving almost every other area of economic crime as well. Businesses need to minimise the opportunities for economic crime through rigorous fraud risk assessment procedures, supported by a culture based on shared corporate values and robust policies and compliance programmes.”
Cyber-crime has experienced the fastest growth of all forms of economic crime. Some 44 per cent of UK organisations that had experienced economic crime in the last 24 months were affected by cyber incidents. That signals a jump of 20 percentage points from 2014, and is substantially higher than the global response of 32 per cent.
The rise of cyber-crime is in stark contrast with some of the traditional forms of economic crime – including bribery, asset misappropriation and procurement fraud – which have all declined.
Just over half (51 per cent) of UK organisations say they expect to be the victim of cyber-crime in the next two years, suggesting this will become the UK’s largest economic crime. However, only 12 per cent of respondents believe that law enforcement authorities harbour the necessary skills and resources to investigate such criminality.
Worryingly, almost a third of UK entities have no cyber response plan in place.
The fast take-up of cloud-based storage and the growing prevalence of the Internet of Things are some of the reasons underpinning this year’s steep increases in cyber-crime across the UK - leaving anything connected to the office network now potentially vulnerable to hackers.
Mark Anderson, global corporate intelligence leader at PwC, explained to Risk UK: “Hackers are now more ambitious than ever. Their aim goes beyond targeting financial information to include a company’s ‘crown jewels’ – customer data and intellectual property information – the loss of which can bring down an entire business. The threat of cyber-crime is now a Board-level risk issue, but it must be said that not enough UK companies are apparently treating it that way.”
UK respondents suggest the greatest concern about a cyber attack is the potential disruption to services – 31 per cent say it would have a medium-to-high impact. Surprisingly, almost half state that cyber-crime would have no impact on their reputation, while almost 60 per cent are not concerned about the potential for intellectual property theft.
This year’s survey also heralds the rise of the so-called ‘Silver Fraudster’ in the UK, with a strong shift towards more senior and experienced employees carrying out acts of corporate fraud.
Senior management fraud is often more difficult to detect and prevent, and usually has a much greater impact on an organisation. Therefore, this change represents a particular concern for UK entities.
While those in the middle management strata remained the most responsible candidates for perpetrating acts of economic crime (36%), half the instances of such crime committed by staff involved employees over the age of 40, while the number carried out by workers over the age of 50 tripled from 6% to reach 18%.
The PwC Global Economic Crime Survey finds that 45 per cent of internal fraudsters had worked for more than five years within the organisation they defrauded, and that 21% had more than a decade of service. In contrast, the number of junior staff carrying out economic crime has fallen since 2014 (from 45% to 28%).
Compliance and culture
While the majority (86%) of UK organisations have formal business ethics and compliance programmes in place, far fewer (63%) back up these rules with regular training and communication. Moreover, acts of frauds that staff typically commit – such as accounting and HR fraud – have risen in number during the last couple of years.
Financial services companies are set to be the biggest spenders on compliance in the UK during the next couple of years, while compliance budgets for other industries are under pressure as they face increasing demands to do more with less.
Tracey Groves, head of ethics and compliance at PwC’s UK forensics practice, commented: “Economic crime is a question of culture, not just compliance. Even the best of compliance programmes will fail if a company’s culture accepts wrongdoing as a norm. While it’s encouraging to note that so many UK organisations understand the value of having a Code of Conduct in place, it’s crucial to back that up through regular training and engagement with employees. Unfortunately, our survey shows this just isn’t happening enough.”
In other survey findings:
•20% of UK organisations say they have never performed a fraud risk assessment, while 44% do so on an annual basis.
•5% of respondents state that they’ve been asked to pay a bribe in the past 24 months, while 7 per cent feel they’ve lost a business opportunity to a competitor who was willing to do so.
•22% of frauds were detected through suspicious transaction monitoring and 14% via fraud risk management. 8% of frauds were uncovered by way of data analytics, with the same percentage results being unearthed for internal audit and accidental discovery.
